Greatest Good for the Greatest Number

Michael Sandel lectures on justice throughout two episodes. Episode 1 Part one â€Å"The Moral Side of the Murder† has three cases that demonstrate how to recognize moral selflessness and cope with consequences. These cases also show us how they move us to act and the opportunities that exist from those actions. The moral rightness of these cases can maximize consequentiality moral reasoning and can also locate morality in certain duties and rights which is categorical reasoning. In the first case driving the trolley and killing one worker rather than five is not considered an act of murder according to students from Sandels discussions.The majority expressed consequentialist moral reasoning. As an onlooker on a bridge looking at the trolley, some students would not push a fat man over the bridge to save the five workers, they said that the act would be committing murder; therefore the consequences are complex and categorical. When asked about a surgeon removing five organs fr om one healthy individual to save the lives of five other individuals, the majority of the students did not agree to be morally correct. In this example the greatest number was compromised because of moral reasoning.Episode 1 Part two, â€Å"The Case for Cannibalism† is a real life story that asks the question if the four survivors of the Mignonette ship were morally justified. Brooks, Dudley, Stevens and Parker had been on a life boat for 19 days. Parker’s decision to drink the salt water put him in a vulnerable position that ended his life by cannibalism to save the rest. By day twenty-four, Brooks, Dudley and Stevens were rescued and arrested. The majority of the students agreed to try them while the minority asked the question to what degree of necessity would exonerate them.It was discussed if the three survivors would benefit the community or be a danger to society for being cannibalistic. The key point by Sandel and the students was that adding consent would mak e a difference in the trial. Kantian ethics was preferred instead of Bentham’s utilitarianism theory. Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill have different proposals on utilitarianism. â€Å"Jeremy Bentham identified good consequences with pleasure, which is measured in terms of intensity, duration, certainty, propinquity, fecundity, purity, and extent.John Stuart Mill argued that pleasures differ in quality as well as quantity and that the highest good involves the highest quality as well as quantity of pleasure. † There is no agreement on which theories count as consequentiality under this definition therefore skepticism will always exist. Episode 2 Part One â€Å"Putting a Price Tag on Life† was focused on Bentham’s theory of act-utilitarian. Cost benefit analysis was a huge focus on this topic. This analysis involves placing a dollar value to stand for utility.The first case took place in Czech Republic encouraging the citizens to smoke. The company Phil ip Morris conducted a cost benefit analysis and had the highest gain which included early death from smoking to benefit the government or other people. Decision to smoke was a qualitative risk factor since there was known probabilities. This objection to utilitarianism fails to respect individual and minority rights and is not possible to total a dollar value on human life. Another study that examined placing a dollar value on human life, was done by psychologist Edward Thorndike.He conducted a survey in the 1930’s for the purpose of placing a dollar amount with various scenarios. The choices of living in a farm in Kansas, pulling off a front tooth, cutting off a toe and eating a worm all had a value. The majority favored as the highest pleasure to live in a farm in Kansas. Episode 2 Part Two â€Å"How to Measure Pleasure† discusses the levels of pleasure. The examples of choosing the highest pleasure between Shakespeare, Simpsons or Fear Factor were based on culture a nd education. Students reasoned that Shakespeare voted the highest because this is presented throughout the school years.But if given a choice between Shakespeare, seasons of the Simpsons as the only pleasure for life, majority ruled I favor of Shakespeare for intellect purposes. The Simpsons for entertaining purposes were voted second and Fear Factor last. To test the highest pleasure, people would have to experience all to pick the very best. John Stuart Mill said that utility is the only standard of morality therefore you must experience both pleasures. The similarities between Episode 1 and 2, was that categorical moral reasoning was preferred.Circumstances dictated those whom decided that the greatest good was for the greatest number. In contrast, more utilitarian and consequential moral reasoning emphasis was found in Episode 1 than in episode 2. The moral of the story that philosopher Bentham suggested was that â€Å"Here in life and in death is a man who adhered to the prin cipals of his philosophy. † References http://www. questia. com/read/1E1-utilitar/utilitarianism http://onbiostatistics. blogspot. com/2010/02/cost-benefit-analysis-put-dollar-value. html

Drama Coursework – The Evaluative Phase

1. My group's performance started in blackout with sad music which sets the mood and grabs the audiences attention making them listen and think. A red light comes up showing importance and there are narrators talking straight away all dressed in white to show purity and it looks a bit like they are angels. We also see the protagonist who is pregnant as she has a baby bump. In Scene 2 bay lifts come and take Mary's things. There is a lot of confusion and action and the bay lifts are dressed all in black to show they are nasty and harsh. We see this when they grab things off the protagonist and throw her to the floor and everyone stares with their arms folded showing negativity and shows Mary is trapped. To show a change of scene there is a light change and the actors with there arms folded turn in to face off. Then there is another scene change shown by the music being raised and a new set being brought on. The actor who plays the bank manager wears a suit to show importance and seriousness and Mary's husband wears a coat to show he has no intension if stopping with Mary and is going to go back outside. I think the next part of the performance is the strongest part of the play as the music is raised very loud and the actors mime an argument which is a contrast and then the protagonist looses the baby but as there is no speech you can interpret it any way you want. It is a very powerful and emotive scene. Then in the last scene a bed is made and the narrators look like nurses. They then give all the factual information about the advert and they all end in a still image on the bed and the lights fade which makes the audience think about what they have just seen and the music fades with it as the music is played all the way through. . In the beginning there is a lot of movement which grabs the audience's attention and there is also a slide and toys to signify a playground. You can tell that the actors are playing children as there voices are high and squeaky. There is a contrast when two of the actors are in a still image and the others are playing: silence verses sound. There is a use of face off when the stage becomes clear and then the actor turns in to a narrator. There is then an argument given in gibberish so the audience can interpret it however they like and there is a prop used to show alcohol. Music comes in which is emotive and shows sadness and all the actors are in a family portrait. It starts out happy and ends up sad showing what it was like before the father started drinking and then after. Then the light changes to a blue spotlight to show a change of scene and it also symbolizes sadness and focuses on one person that gives a monologue. We can tell the actor is a child as she uses a high squeaky voice and has a dolly which seems to give her security and it makes you feel sorry for her. The scene changes and to show the dad is living on the streets he has a drab blanket and grubby clothes and the only possession he has is a box with newspaper in it. People walking by have changed there character and this is shown by change of costume which shows the performance has multiple role-play in it. At the end there is narration to tell the story and it ends with all the actors in a still image with the lights fading. 3. Before I started homelessness and runaways I used to feel scared of anyone I saw living on the street. I thought that because they are worse off than me and desperate they would try and mug me and if they asked for money I quickly walked away feeling nervous. I think I just judged them because they looked different and lived a very different life to what I did. Now I have learnt about homeless people I realise that they aren't scary and are just the same as me. If I see someone homeless on the streets I feel sorry for them and I think this is because I didn't really no why they were living on the streets. I think I just assumed they were all drug addicts but now I no there are lots of different reasons why people live on the streets and I have learnt that there are all types of homeless people. Now if I see someone I would give them some of my extra change if they needed it because I feel so lucky to live in a house and have a nice bed to sleep in and all they have our the clothes on my back. I think I would feel really happy if I had helped a homeless person out if even just a little bit.

Strategic Channel Plan for Startech company Essay

Strategic Channel Plan for Startech company - Essay Example With increased uptake of technology in the 21st century, many businesses are beginning to redefine their business channels with the previously existing channels being done away with and a surge in consumer to business channels. This has not only seen a change in business, marketing strategies but has also seen a growth in new businesses and also a formation of relationships that tend to lean on consumer satisfaction by most business. For a business like Startech the internet is of huge rewards to them as they can expand their business to reach clients from all over the world, in addition clients can easily access their services via the web and they clients can have ease of access to the Startech customer support who would help them with products and services and most important consumers can now access quality goods and services as well as Startech can maintain contact with the customers. For any company that is operating in a dynamic environment such as that Startech is operating in the channels of business need careful consideration and several factors need to be put into careful consideration. The most important factor in this is the clientele. What does the clientele mostly need and does the business have it? Such careful consideration will help the organisation set mechanisms and frameworks that will help the clients access the goods and services. It also helps the firm come up with considerations on what channels they will set up. To begin with we shall study the marketing channels by looking at the strategy, framework and the functions. A marketing channel is the link that a business has built to see te transfer of goods from the point of manufacturer to the point of consumption. Marketing channels are generally involved in the transfer of ownership and are important to any business organisation as they facilitate the linking of the producer and the consumer of the goods. Through the various marketing channels and through the transfer of ownership of the goods the producer is able to understand and note the needs of the consumers and work towards meeting them. It is also important in that it helps n organisation come up with a pricing mechanism by factoring in all the costs involved in the transfer of the goods from the producer to the consumer, a firm is able to come up with prices that will enable them maintain their margins as well as ensure the goods and services are competitive in the market. A marketing channel also incorporates several factors into it by being involved in the promotion and advertising of the particular goods that is up for sale. Through marketing channels, firms are able to boost and increase their sales in the business which subsequently leads to better revenues and profits. The marketing channels are normally conducted by a department in an organisation or by an independent company tasked with the mandate of ensuring that the company’s goods and services are fast moving in the market. The marketing channel is also known as the distribution channel and is overall involved in activities that promote brand loyalty and brand visibility. The marketing channel of a business also institutes policies and frameworks that are geared at helping the business achieve its short term and long term goals as far as sales are concerned through setting targets and acting in line with company goals and objectives. There are normally three types of communication channels. Th e communication channel which is involved in the exchange of information between the producers and

Quality Management in Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quality Management in Business - Assignment Example . 1.3. The different approaches to quality management include the use of six sigma and Lean. Six is a quality management tool that ensures quality is maintained through reduced production variations. Lean is a quality management that ensures quality through control of resources and reduction of wastes to meet customer needs and wants (Williams, 2004). 1.4. The primary similarities between the two include the following. Both originated from Japan, utilized in project management and make use analytical tools. The other major similarity of both controls processes is to improve customer satisfaction. Improvement of the manufacturing process and project management are also other similarities(Charantimath, 2006). . The differences in both methods are as follows. While sigma six bases on zero defects, Lean focuses on waste removal. While sigma six focuses on the reduction of variations and improvement of processes, Lean is based on improving the flow of the process. The stages involved in six sigma are, define, measure, analyze, improve and control. On the other hand, the steps involved in sigma six are understanding customer value, value stream, analysis, flow, pull and perfection. While six sigma focuses on saving money, Lean focuses on the principles of reducing lead time. Six sigma aims at achieving business goals in order to improve financial performance while Lean reduces inventory through increased productivity and customer satisfaction. Six Sigma doesn’t involve everybody nor improve customer satisfaction without a systemized view. Lean works through reduced flexibility, and supply chain congestion that is not applicable to all industries. 3.1. Quality management can be measured through customer feedback. Customer feedback is measured by customer complaints, damage control actions taken to products, number of reworks done for a product, written off inventory and

How to Speed Criminal Trial Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

How to Speed Criminal Trial - Dissertation Example How to Speed Criminal Trial in Saudi Arabia By: (Name) (University) (Date) Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ... †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Statement of the Problem Criminal procedure has been developed in Saudi Arabia since the new Criminal Procedure Act was enacted on 3 November 2001. It is a major development in the country’s criminal law, as is the establishment of the Saudi Commission for Investigation and Prosecution. These developments, which took place in a short period of time, are a welcome change but pose new problems as well. My research would concentrate on delays in criminal trials and seek new ways to manage this problem in the Saudi legal system by incorporating and adapting methods from other jurisdictions. Some other jurisdictions may also have problems with delays, but it is more evident in Saudi Arabia. This issue not only goes against the public interest and the interest of the accused, it also violates human rights conventions. Thus, this research will concentrate on a practical way to speed this process and to achieve at leas t a fair level of speediness in trial procedures. Eliminating the case backlog and maintaining it in the future will be helpful in the country's criminal justice administration. Delays cost the country money and time and can add greatly to the expense for lawyers, causing hardship for the accused, which is not a desirable result by any standard. The Topic The research will basically tackle the problem of delays in criminal trials in Saudi Arabia. This will be done via two main methods, comparative analysis of speedy trial laws and policies in other nations as well as through surveys from individuals involved in the delivery of justice in Saudi Arabia. The Research Problem This study is concerned with practical research to find the right tools to speed criminal trial procedure in Saudi Arabia, by comparing with other

Economic of the Airline Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic of the Airline Industry - Essay Example Changes in investment activity, employment, and prices may be a recurring and frequent manifestation of economic development in a competitive and dynamic economy. Kanter (1995:71) on his work of "Mastering Change" argues that success in the present day business is not for those companies that re-engineer the way they do things, or for those fixing the past. According to Kanter (1995) such an action will not constitute an adequate response. This is so because success is based on an organisation's ability to create, rather than predict the future by developing those products that will literally transform the way the world thinks and view it self and the needs (Kanter 1995:71). This report looks at the industry environment of the airline industry, the microenvironment, and the global environment. This report draws primarily on Porter's interpretation of the literature on industrial organization economics to identify competitive forces. The central theme in the paper is that, if an airline company is to survive and prosper, its management must understand the implications that environmental forces have for strategic opportunities and threats. Focus on the paper is on the determinants of demand of air travel. The paper also looks at the nature of competition of the low airline industry. According to Jayathi (2005), competition in the airline industry has been fierce since the industry was deregulated in 1978. Under the believe that through deregulation more competition would improve efficiency and reduce prices and bring overall benefits to the consumer. Jayathi (2005), postulates that, while practices like monopolies, cartels, price discrimination, are considered inefficient allocation of resources in other industries, it can actually be beneficial in the case of the airline industry in bringing about an efficient equilibrium (Jayathi 2005). All things being equal, the demand of air travel will be affected by a number of important change drivers. Using Porters five forces and the PESTLE framework the factors affecting the demand for air travels will be explained inline with the demand and supply graph. Figure 1 and Two According to Johnson et al (2005), in the macroeconomic environment changes in the growth rate of the economy, interest rates, currency exchange rates, and inflation rates are all major determinants of the overall level of demand. Adverse changes in any of these can threaten profitability in an industry. For example, Johnson et al. (2005) states that a fall in the interest rate will increase consumers desire to borrow , and consequently more financing options for air travel. Where interest rates are high, this will affect the airline industry negatively. From Figure one above, an increase in the prices of air fare tickets from D1 to D2 increases demand for air travels from Q1 to Q3. In addition, the PESTLE model further refers to technological factors as important change drivers in determining demand in the airline industry. In the post-World War II period, the pace of technological change has accelerated, unleashing a perennial gale of creative destruction (Johnson et al 2005). Technological change can make established products obsolescent overnight, but at the same time, it can create new products and processes. Thus technological cha

Chapter Summarize Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter Summarize - Essay Example The healthcare professional must bring about a consistency between their commitment and actions. This will inculcate in the patient a feeling of trust. Each and every member of the team must perform with the same level of integrity. Individualizing your approach- The professional should first understand the approach and then act according to the situation. Instead of being a slave to the clock he should be flexible enough to treat the patient according to the situation. The practitioner should resist adopting a short-cut and if it is really needed, then a thorough explanation should be given to the patient. Also the waiting patients should be treated appropriately so that they don’t lose confidence. Little things mean a lot – Practitioner’s individualized attention on a patient even on small issues can build a strong professional bond. These may include making a patient comfortable hygienically (providing with a tissue or a glass of water when in need) , remember ing patient’s interests (movies, matches etc.) or expanding patient’s awareness (making a patient feel close to home ). Responding to gifts- Patients and their respective family members often offer gifts to healthcare professionals. This creates a dilemma for these professionals , whether to accept them or not. Before deciding doctors should consider the monetary value, patient’s intention , nature of professional closeness .